How we talk about autism matters. Language shapes perception, and using informed, respectful language helps reduce stigma and promote understanding. Here are guidelines for talking about autism in ways that respect autistic individuals and their families.

Language Preferences

The autism community is divided on language preference. Many autistic self-advocates prefer identity-first language (“autistic person”) because they view autism as an integral part of their identity. Others prefer person-first language (“person with autism”) to emphasize the individual over the diagnosis. When possible, ask the individual their preference. In general contexts, both are acceptable.

Language to Avoid

Avoid “suffers from autism” or “afflicted with autism,” which frame autism as a disease. Do not use “autistic” as an insult or joke. Avoid “high-functioning” and “low-functioning,” which oversimplify and can be both inaccurate and hurtful. Replace with descriptions of specific support needs. Do not say someone “looks autistic” since autism has no physical appearance.

Talking to Children About Autism

Use simple, honest language. “Their brain works differently” is a good starting point. Explain that everyone has things they are good at and things they find hard. Focus on the individual child’s specific traits rather than generalized autism stereotypes.

Talking to Autistic Individuals

Speak directly to the person, not to their companion or parent. Use clear, concrete language. Allow extra processing time for responses. Do not assume that a nonspeaking individual does not understand you. Respect their communication style and preferred communication methods.

Discussing Your Child’s Diagnosis

When sharing your child’s diagnosis with others, provide accurate, specific information about your child rather than generalizations. This educates people about your child while challenging stereotypes about what autism “looks like.”