Since 2013, Asperger syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis. It was folded into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5. Understanding why this change was made, and what it means, helps clarify common confusion.

What Asperger Syndrome Was

Previously, Asperger syndrome described individuals who showed autism-like social difficulties and restricted interests but did not have significant language delays or intellectual disability. It was considered a “milder” form of autism, though this characterization was often misleading since individuals with Asperger’s could have significant support needs.

Why the Diagnoses Were Merged

Research showed that the boundaries between autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and PDD-NOS were inconsistent. Different clinicians would assign different diagnoses to the same individual. The conditions shared the same underlying neurology, and the distinctions were not reliably useful for treatment planning. Consolidating them under one spectrum reflected the scientific understanding more accurately.

Why Some People Still Use “Asperger’s”

Many people diagnosed before 2013 identify strongly with the Asperger’s label. Some find it useful for communicating their specific profile of strengths and challenges. Others have moved away from the term after learning about Hans Asperger’s collaboration with the Nazi regime, which led to the death of disabled children.

What This Means for Services

Regardless of historical labels, all individuals on the autism spectrum are eligible for services based on their demonstrated support needs. ABA therapy, social skills support, and other interventions are available to anyone with an ASD diagnosis, whether they would previously have been labeled with Asperger’s or autistic disorder.