Encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain, can cause significant neurological damage. In rare cases, severe encephalitis in young children has been associated with the development of autism-like symptoms, though the relationship is not straightforward.

What Research Shows

Cases of “regressive autism” following encephalitis have been documented, though they are rare. When encephalitis damages brain regions involved in social communication and behavior, the resulting symptoms can meet diagnostic criteria for autism. However, this represents a very small fraction of autism cases.

Important Distinctions

• Most autism is not caused by encephalitis
• Post-encephalitic symptoms may resemble autism but have a different underlying mechanism
• Treatment approaches may differ when brain injury is the cause
• The vast majority of encephalitis cases do not result in autism

Preventing Encephalitis

Vaccination against common causes of encephalitis (measles, mumps, varicella, Japanese encephalitis) is the most effective prevention strategy.

For children with autism-like symptoms from any cause, ABA therapy provides effective behavioral support. Contact Treetop ABA Therapy to learn about our services.